Суд мести

During his address, Kashayev constantly distorts the witnesses' stories and refers to testimony that was not given in court.

The defence team urge the jury to acquit Pichugin. They say he was innocent of the crimes, that during the trial no evidence of his complicity was given, and that there was no proof of any benefit to Yukos, its senior figures or Pichugin personally from perpetration of the crimes.

In his final address in court, Pichugin again denies all the charges. He asks the jury to judge him according to their consciences, and to deliver a just verdict.

During the closing arguments Aleksey Peshkun's lawyer, Aleksandr Shishkin, raises the possibility of self-incrimination by his defendant. Peshkun had earlier confessed in part.

24 March 2005. Judge Olikhver presents the jury instructions to both sides. A defence request for amendments to them is turned down.

After eight hours of deliberation, the jury find Pichugin guilty on all three counts. In their verdict, the jurors say that Pichugin is undeserving of leniency.

Eight of the 12 jurors find him guilty of the Gorins' murder.

They unanimously find him guilty of the attempted murder of Olga Kostina and of the assault on Viktor Kolesov.

According to Kaganer, the defence did not expect this: "there was no proof of any of the charges".

25 March 2005. At the trial, held at the Moscow City Court, state prosecutors Kamil Kashayev and Yevgeniy Naydenov urge a life sentence for Pichugin on account of his guilt on all counts. Judge Natalya Olikhver retires to consider the sentence.

30 March 2005. Moscow City Court Judge Olikhver sentences Aleksey Pichugin. The Yukos employee is given 20 years in a high-security prison. After being sentenced, Pichugin again maintains his innocence and says that the case against him was politically motivated and could only be connected to the Yukos case. "I intend to fight to the finish," he says.

4 April 2005. Pichugin's lawyers appeal against the Moscow City Court's verdict and sentence to the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. They apply for the verdict to be overturned and for a retrial in view of the large number of procedural violations committed in the course of the case.

14 July 2005. The sentence enters force, as the Supreme Court rejects the appeal.

Appendix 5

Russian juries are selected "at random" by computer. But everything is relative. Here, for example, former Russian citizen Galya Morell describes how it was done when she served on a jury in New York.

The south end of downtown Manhattan is the court district. Newly-summoned prospective jurors gather in a huge room in a block at 111 Center Street. It's standing room only. The people to the right and left of me are a true cross-section of Manhattan Island residents: bankers and lawyers, grand ladies from 5th Avenue and their domestics from Harlem, Afro-Americans and Latinos, Chinese and Japanese.

Attendance for jury service is compulsory, but selection is another matter. It all depends on the arguments of prosecution and defence, and on the fate dispassionately doled out by an antiquated-looking mechanical drum.

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